The first couple of chapters in the book gave me a lot of food for thought because I had not really considered instructional design in relation to other design disciplines. My previous experience with instructional design has focused more on needs analysis, learning objectives, assessment, and choosing appropriate instructional strategies. I had not thought much about how instructional design compares with fields such as architecture, art, or science. After reading Parrish’s view on instructional design, I can appreciate the “out of the box” thinking while disagreeing with some of his comparisons. For example, he writes that artists and instructional designers both create experiences that can change perceptions, raise curiosity, and generate emotional responses. I can see curiosity as an important part of learning, especially when trying to get learners interested in a topic. However, I am not sure that changing perceptions or generating an emotional response is always a goal of ...